HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Mary Poppins takes place in England in the early 1900s, a time very different from our own. This period of time was known as the Edwardian era. During the Edwardian era parenting was more of a formal experience as opposed to a relationship. Families that were moderately well off would most often hire a nanny and other staff that would assume responsibility for raising the children. This meant that the children would either be visited frequently, or seen almost never at all, depending on the parents.TERMINOLOGY
Alexander the Great, William the Conquerer, and Vlad the Impaler: Historical figures with many important achievements in their lives; suffice it to say that theu were around a long time ago )as far back as 356 BCE), making Mrs. Corry as old as history.Barley Water: A sort of tea made by boiling barley; traditionally consumed by pregnant women and older ladies for its health benefits and as an alternative to alcoholic beverages. Michael's request seem to have less to do with barley water's unpleasant smell than his desire for a younger nanny (one, say, with Mary Poppins's youthful energy).
Blighters: People you look at with dislike, annoyance, or pity.
Bloody: A British curse word, considered vulgar.
Brimstone and Treacle: A medicine commonly used in Victorian times (a clue as to how old Miss Andrew is!), Brimstone is another name for sulphur; treacle is a crystallized syrup made during the refining of sugar. The molasses has a distinctively strong, slightly bitter flavors. Traditionally a medicinal mixture used as an antidote to poisons, including snakebites.
Castor Oil: Used to treat constipation; tastes similar to how any cooking oil would when drunk straight.
Cod-Liver Oil: A supplement high in Vitamins A and D, which comes from the lives of cod fish. Given to children because Vitamin D's usefulness in preventing rickets, a disease of the bones.
Creed: A system of belief.
Doff: To take off; as in an item of clothing.
Druids: An ancient Celtic people.
Forbearance: Patient self-control; restraint.
Gasworks: An industrial plant for the production of flammable gas; since lighting a match (to smoke a cigarette) near there would cause an explosion, Mrs. Brill seems to be saying she doesn't think much of Robertson Ay's usefulness in the kitchen.
Gruel: A type of cereal (oat, wheat, or rye flour; or rice) boiled in water or milk; a thinner version or porridge. There are many other things Michael would rather eat than this.
Halitotious: a play on the word "halitosis," a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant odor is present on the exhaled breath.
Hallmark: defining aspect.
Heirloom: A family possession passed from generation to generation.
Lark: A source of amusement or adventure. Also, a type of bird, such as the caged one that Miss Andrew brings with her when she visits Cherry Tree Lane in Act 2.
Larval: Meaning "in the form of larva" with "larva" being the juvenile form of many creatures (including caterpillars and butterflies) take before they turn into adults.
Lead: A leash.
Lummy: An expression of surprise or interest.
Monoliths: Towering slabs of carved stone erected by druids for use in their rituals.
Needs must: An expression used when discussing something you must do, but would rather not.
Neleus: a character form Greek Mythology; the son of Poseidon (God of the sea) and Tyro (a Greek princess). Neleus and his twin brother, Pelias, were abandoned by their parents.
Plinth: The heavy base used to support a statue.
Pressing your advantage: Ising an available opportunity to get ahead.
Rack and ruin: Complete destruction.
Rococococious: a play on the word "Rococo," an eighteenth century artistic period characterized by its elegance and, as Mary Poppins suggests, its flourishes.
Roman Empire: The vast ancient empire built by Julius Caesar, which eventually grew too large to effectively manage or protect and collapsed, r "entered the abyss."
Screever: Someone who draws pictures on sidewalks for money.
Snuffed Aborning: If a flame is snuffed aborning, it is put out while it is just being produced, or born.
Spit-spot: An expression like "chip-chop;" basically hurry up.
"Swing for you and sing as they pull the lever": Mrs. Brill is threatening to kill Robertson Ay and says she'd be happy to suffer the consequences; "they pull the lever" refers to being hanged, which was the punishment for murder at the time.
Tommy rot: nonsense; ridiculousness.
A Touch of the Cat and a Night on the Yardarm: Originally deriving from pirate lingo, "a touch of the cat" refers to a lashing from a whip with nine lashes used for flogging. It could refer to a full flogging, or just a single blow to "smarten up" a recalcitrant hand; The yardarm refers to the main arm across the mast of a ship which holds up the sail. It was one of the most vulnerable targets in combat, and is also a favorite place from which to hang prisoners or enemies.
Weather vane: An instrument for showing the direction of the wind that is typically placed on the highest point of a building.
A FEW OF THE MAJOR THEMES
The themes behind the mysterious and wonderful tales of Mary Poppins are the reason her story has endured for so long. Beneath the magic and adventures are lessons and love that warm hearts and help is to begin to truly believe that, "Anything Can Happen," as Mary sings at the end of the musical. These ext few themes are some of the most prominent to think about while working through our rehearsals.Truth vs. Fiction
After many of their adventures with Mary, the Banks children will ask, "Did that really happen?" Mary frequently berates them for such silly talk, leaving the children stumped. While this may seem strange and even rude at first, Mary is simply trying to prepare the children for the future. As adults no one will tell Jane and Michael what is true and what is not; they will have to make those decisions for themselves. Will they be able to believe in magic when they are older? Perhaps this is Mary's way of trying to keep that belief alive in the face of the "real world."Family
Mary does not descend into the lives of the Banks family in order be a replacement parent or to make their problems disappear. She says herself that she will stay, "until the wind changes/until the chain breaks." Instead, she comes to bring the Banks family closer together. Husband, wife, and children- all three parties are distant from one another for different reasons. Mary reminds them of what should be most important to each of them- their relationship to each other.Looking Beyond Appearances
The Banks children say their parents wouldn't approve of Bert because he is "dirty" and Jane calls the Bird-woman a "bundle of rags." Mary asks, "When will you learn to look beyond what you see?" Mary constantly challenges the children not to judge situations or people based on hoe they appear, showing them that magic is often hiding where you least expect it.Child Inside All of Us
Through several characters, we see amazing changes when they allow their heart to follow their dreams and desires and not getting too caught up in the rules life entangles up into. We learn (along with Mr. Banks, The Park Keeper, etc.) the child still lives within all of us, and one must give into the childish pleasures of enjoying the simple play of life. Flying a kite is a wonderful metaphor in that sense.__________________________________________________________
Mary Poppins and the Puzzle of Paradox
Originally printed in the January-February 2004 issue of Quest magazine.
Citation: Vachet, Helene. “Marry Poppins and the Puzzles of Paradox.” Quest 92.1 (JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2004):28-33.
Mary Poppins is probably the
most famous nanny in history. She arrives out of nowhere to apply for a
position with the Banks family and is hired on the spot, without
references. Mary Poppins is able to evoke in others a recognition of
truth, especially in Mr. Banks, who says that she paid them a signal
honor by coming to their house. The lesson Mary Poppins teaches is to
use our intuition, to look within, to find the truth. This theme
continues throughout the stories, particularly in adventures involving
the two older Banks children, Michael and Jane. Mary Poppins almost
always denies that anything unusual happened, in order to make them
think. Likewise, each adventure has an encrypted, paradoxical message to
make the reader look within.
The Mystery of Expectations
Going upstairs to see the nursery, Mary
Poppins rides up the banister of the staircase, going against gravity.
Only the children notice this phenomenon; Mrs. Banks does not. What is
the meaning of riding up the banister? Obviously, this establishes Mary
Poppins as a person with magical powers and is a preview of the greater
magic to follow.
Once in the nursery, Mary Poppins begins
to unpack. The children have looked in her suitcase and found it empty,
but Mary Poppins takes out “seven flannel nightgowns, a pair of boots, a
set of dominoes, two bathing-caps, a postcard album and, last of all,
came a folding camp bedstead complete with blankets and an eiderdown,
all to the wonder and amazement of the children.” This story illustrates
the paradox of expectations: When you expect big things to happen, you
get nothing; but when you expect nothing, you get everything. Mary
Poppins herself, presents a paradox. Her looks are unremarkable. She is
certainly no beauty; she is plain like a Dutch doll. Her role in life is
also not powerful—she is a nanny. Caroline Myss, noted medical
intuitive, calls paradox the language of the Divine. She says in Spiritual Power, Spiritual Practice that “small is big and big is small—Heaven speaks to us in paradox.”
Pamela L. Travers, the Discoverer of Mary Poppins
My encounter with Mary Poppins began
with the Disney movie starring the truly magical Julie Andrews as Mary
Poppins, Dick Van Dyke as Bert the chimney sweep, Glynis Johns as Mrs.
Banks, and the great David Tomlinson as Mr. Banks. The movie was
delightful, but gave no inkling of the real magic of the
universe embedded in the stories. To find that mystery, one has to read
the books by Pamela L. Travers. Yet somehow Mary Poppins was not part of
my childhood reading. It was not until 2002, when I was asked to review A Lively Oracle: A Centennial Celebration of P. L. Travers, Creator of Mary Poppins,
thatI became intrigued with the character of Mary Poppins and with
Travers, who said that she didn’t create Mary Poppins, but discovered
her.
Travers was born of Irish descent in the
outback of Australia in 1899. Early in life, she became aware of her
gift of storytelling and would entertain her brother and sisters with
tales that she created. After a brief career on the stage in Sydney, she
went to Ireland, where she wrote for the Irish Statesman and
befriended A. E. (George Russell), the famous Irish poet and
Theosophist. She became an intimate part of a literary circle composed
of W. B. Yeats, Padraic Colum, James Stephens, Lady Gregory, George
Bernard Shaw, and others. Later she moved to England and wrote for the New English Weekly.
There her circle of friends expanded to include A. R. Orage, P. D.
Ouspensky and G. I. Gurdjieff. Meanwhile, W. B. Yeats translated the
Upanishads, which was to have a profound influence on Travers, as did
Hindu mythology and Buddhism, the lore of the Navajo Indians, and
Jungian psychology. Travers wrote numerous poems and articles for
well-known journals (later in life, she wrote mainly Jungian articles
for Parabola magazine) as well as books, among which are seven Mary Poppins stories produced between 1934 and 1988.
The Meaning of Paradox
Mary Poppins, one could say, resembles a
guardian angel, daimon, or cosmic being who comes from time to time to
visit Earth. She never settles with the Banks family for very long, but
while she is there, she teaches the family, primarily the children,
about the deeper meaning of life. She does this through magical outings
with the children during the day or at night when the children dream or
wake up and seem to leave their room. Joseph Campbell wrote that we must
follow our bliss and that to do this, we must put ourself at risk and
doors will open. In the Mary Poppins stories, the children follow their
bliss, always putting themselves seemingly at risk, and the universe
opens for them and, vicariously, for us.
What intrigues me is the interpretation
of these adventures. Their meaning is embedded in paradox,like a Zen
koan or the wonderful stories of the Upanishads, part of the sacred
mythology of India. Rohit Mehta, the Indian and Theosophical scholar,
writes in The Call of the Upanishads that “A paradox is the
placing of two opposites in juxtaposition. There is no solution to a
paradox, a paradox can only be resolved or more truly dissolved” (p.12).
Mehta explains that to reconcile a paradox, we must see the two
opposites existing in the same place and at the same time. Since the
human mind cannot conceive of this, he says, we finally reach a field of
nothingness because the two opposites have canceled each other out,
leaving nothing. “It is out of this nothingness, out of this negativity
that a positive experience is born” and we are able to reconcile the
opposites. Again and again in Mary Poppins, Travers asks the question: What will the resolution be when the opposites meet?
The Symbolism of the East Wind
The first chapter of the Mary Poppins
series, “East Wind,” explains how she arrives at number seventeen Cherry
Tree Lane. Mary Poppins first appears as a shape, “tossed and bent
under the wind.” Twoof the Banks children, Jane and Michael, notice that
the shape is carried by the air and flung at the gate,then lifted by
the wind and carried to the front door. Later, Michael Banks says to
Mary Poppins, “You’ll never leave us, will you?” Mary Poppins replies,
“I’ll stay till the wind changes.” In other stories, she descends from
the sky riding a kite or her parrot-headed umbrella.
What is the significance of the sky and
wind bringing Mary Poppins to Cherry Tree Lane and determining the
duration of her sojourn there? This reference is reminiscent of a
passage from The Voice of the Silence by H. P. Blavatsky, a treatise derived from The Book of the Golden Precepts,
studied by mystical students in the East. In fragment forty, the text
says, “’Tis only then thou canst become a ‘Walker of the Sky’ who treads
the winds above the waves, whose step touches not the waters”(p. 9).
The glossary excerpt for this fragment refers to this siddhi,
or spiritual power, as being a “sky-walker” wherein “the body of the
yogi becomes as one formed of the wind; as a cloud from which limbs have
sprouted out,” after which the yogi “beholds the things beyond the seas
and stars; he hears the language of the devas and comprehends it and
perceives what is passing in the mind of the ant” (p. 77). Known as the
Great Exception, this aptly describes the powers of Mary Poppins,
meaning in this context that she has gone beyond the evolution of
humanity and her life now stands in contrast to those who have not yet
reached this stage.
Discerning the Nature of Free Will
In the chapter entitled, “John and
Barbara’s Story,” a starling, a wise bird, visits the nursery at Cherry
Tree Lane and communes with Mary Poppins and the babies, John and
Barbara. Through their conversation, we become aware that the babies, the
starling, and Mary Poppins understand the language of the wind, the
stars, and the sunlight. However, the starling laments that the children
will soon forget everything about where they came from. The children,
of course, vehemently protest. Soon, however, they do forget.
This theme is explored further in the chapter entitled, “The New One” in Mary Poppins Comes Back.
When the baby Annabel is born, the starling makes another visit, and he
turns somersaults on the windowsill, clapping his wings wildly together
each time his head comes up. “What a treat!” he pants, when at last he
stands up straight. (Now he had someone to whom he could speak again.)
The starling asks Annabel to tell the fledgling that accompanies him to
tell where she came from:
“I am earth and air and fire and water,” she said softly. “ I come from the Dark where all things have their beginnings. I come from the sea and its tides, I come from the sky and its stars, I come from the sun and its brightness—and I come from the forest of earth. Slowly, I moved at first always sleeping and dreaming. I remembered all I had been and I thought of all I shall be. And when I had dreamed my dream I awoke and came swiftly. I heard the stars singing as I came and I felt warm wings about me. I passed the beasts of the jungle and came through the dark, deep waters.” “It was a long journey! A long journey indeed!” said the starling softly, lifting his head from his breast. “And ah, so soon forgotten!”
This episode is reminiscent of the
soul’s encounter with the river Lethe in Greek mythology. Thesouls of
the dead bathe there before they are born, so they will not remember
their previous history and choices made before birth (karma) until their
life is over. If we knew what happened in past lives with the people we
know in the present, we might avoid these people and many of life’s
experiences. How can we operate with free will and choice if we know our
sacred contracts, asks Caroline Myss, author of Sacred Contracts. In The Secrets of Dr. Traverner,
Diane Fortune, the occult fiction writer of the early twentieth
century, wrote about a character who refused to come completely into her
body because she knew her fate and was afraid to face it. This presents
the paradox that from ignorance we exercise free will; from knowledge
we forfeit our right to choose.
Exploring Moon Magic at the Zoo
One day Michael mentions to Mary Poppins
that he wonders what happens at the zoo at night. After the children are
put in bed that night, a disembodied voice calls to Michael and Jane
and tells them to get dressed and leads them to the zoo. There
everything is the opposite of the usual: the animals run the zoo, the
people are in cages, and all of the animals coexist in perfect accord.
Although the lion that the children encounter says that he is the king,
the real king is a hamadryad, a huge hooded snake that Mary Poppins
calls “cousin.” This evening is an occasion for the meeting and the
resolution of opposites, ostensibly because Mary Poppins’s birthday fell
on the full moon. The climax of the activity was the grand chain when
all of the animals circle around Mary Poppins in dance. The hamadryad
escorts the children to the dance, and he gives Mary Poppins a snakeskin
as her birthday present. The next day, she wears it as a belt, proving
to the children that the adventure was real.
What lesson was Travers trying to convey
with this story? The idea of rebirth may be demonstrated bythe imagery
of both the moon and the serpent, the former having phases and the
latter shedding its skin.The moon dies with each cycle and is
resurrected anew. The snake sheds its skin and is renewed as life is
renewed by the progeny of each generation.
Another aspect of the story is reflected
in Mary Poppins calling the hamadryad “cousin.” Heinrich Zimmer, the
great German scholar of Eastern religions and their iconography,
explains that in South India, a nagini or naga (snake
deity) in the family tree gives it greater importance. It is believed in
Indian mythology that nagas are genii, guardian spirits, considered to
be superior to humans, and they are renowned for their cleverness and
charm. They traditionally wear a precious jewel in their heads, and they
dwell in resplendent palaces studded with gems and pearls at the
bottoms of rivers, lakes, and seas. They are the keepers of the life
energy, he says, that is stored in the earthly waters of springs, wells,
and ponds as well as being the guardians of the riches of the deep sea:
corals, shells, and pearls.
The story of Nagarjuna is a favorite of
both Heinrich Zimmer and the noted Theosophist Joy Mills. When the
Buddha began teaching his doctrine of nirvana, he soon realized that
humankind was not prepared to fully accept his doctrine of the void.
They shrank from the implications of his vision. Therefore, he entrusted
the deeper interpretation of his doctrines to the nagas, who were told
to safeguard it until people were ready to understand. It wasn’t until
seven centuries had passed that the great sage Nagarjuna, Arjuna of the
Nagas, was born. He was initiated by the serpent kings into the “truth
that all is void.” He brought to humanity the full-fledged Buddhist
teachings of the Mahayana which illustrate the paradox of emptiness
being full and fullness being empty.
Buddhist scholar Malcolm David Eckel
says that the verses of Nagarjuna can be interpreted to mean that
emptiness is a state of awareness, not just a state of being. However, a
most intriguing resolution was demonstrated by Don Campbell, author of The Mozart Effect,
at the Theosophical Society in the Ojai Valley. He filled a metal cup
with miscellaneous objects from his pocket and then hit it with a gong.
The resulting sound was faint and muffled. When he hit the empty cup
with the gong, the sound that resulted was a beautiful and melodious
chime.
Discovering the Magic of the Sun
In “The Evening Out,” Jane and Michael
are able to walk in the sky, where they are invited to a heavenly circus,
the polar opposite of the earthly circus at the zoo. Here the animals
are the constellations and the circus master is the sun. Instead of
dancing the grand chain, the animals dance the “Dance of the Wheeling
Sky,” apparently all in honor of Mary Poppins’s evening out. Michael is
given the moon to hold, presumably because he had asked for it earlier
during the day. When it begins to wane and shrink in size, Michael says
to the sun,
“It couldn’t have been a real moon, could it?” The sun replies, “What is real and what is not? Can you tell me or I you? Perhaps we shall never know more than this: that to think a thing is to make it true.” And so, if Michael thought he had the Moon in his arms—why, then, he had indeed. “Then,” said Jane wonderingly, “is it true that we are here tonight or do we only think we are?” The Sun smiled again, a little sadly. “Child,” he said, “seek no further! From the beginning of the world all men have asked that question. And I, who am Lord of the Sky—even I do not know the answer!”
Joseph Campbell in his elegant prose
describes this situation of the sun being all light without darkness,
containing only the shadows of those who do not open to the light:
What we all want surely, is to know the truth, even though its full knowledge may come only with the dissolution or stilling of the activity of the world. And so, whereas we have a deluding creation, maya [illusion] on the one hand, we have an illuminating destruction on the other, and between the two flows the enigma of the universe (p.264).
This story is also reminiscent of the
paradoxical iconography of the Hindu deity Shiva. He is surrounded by
circles of flame, rings of fire representing the sun. Shiva’s dance is
the universe. A skull and a new moon--death and rebirth at the same
moment, the moment of becoming-- adorn his hair. In one hand, Shiva
holds a little drum that goes tick-tick-tick. That is the drum of time,
the tick of time that shuts out the knowledge of eternity. We are
enclosed in time. But in Shiva’s opposite hand is a flame that burns
away the veil of time (the veil of maya), and opens our minds to
eternity (truth).
Finding One’s Shadow on Hallowe’en
In Mary Poppins in the Park,
the last chapter is called “Hallowe’en.” The events of the day foreshadow
the events of the evening. Mrs. Corry, a friend of Mary Poppins,
accuses Michael and Jane of stepping on her shadow. Jane tells Mrs. Corry
that she didn’t think that shadows could feel. Mrs. Corryreplies that
this is nonsense and that shadows feel twice as much as we do. She warns
the children to take care of their shadows or their shadows won’t take
care of them. Finally, she asks them how they would like to find out
that their shadows had run away. “And what’s a man without a shadow?
Practically nothing, you might say!”
Much later, Michael arouses Jane during
the night because he woke up and saw their shadows outside the house.
They leave their bedroom and follow their shadows. When they finally
catch up, Jane asks, “Why did you run away?” The shadows reply that it
is Halloween, the night when every shadow is free. Also, this is a very
special occasion—there is a full moon and it has fallen on the Birthday
Eve (Mary Poppins’ birthday, of course). The two shadows flit away with
the children not far behind, on their way to the park for the party.
This episode brings to mind a passage in The Sorcerers’ Crossing: A Woman’s Journey
by Taisha Abelar. She was a student of Carlos Castaneda and gives us a
glimpse of the American Indian perspective of the shadow. Since Travers
had been initiated into the Navajo mysteries and given a secret name,
this knowledge was hers also:
“I have news for you,” Clara continued. “You’ve seen shadows move before as a child, but then you were not yet rational so it was all right to see them move. As you grew up, your energy was harnessed by social constraints, and so you forgot you had seen them moving, and only remember what you think is permissible to remember” (p.74).
At the party, the children have a
conversation with the Bird Woman regarding the nature of shadows. Jane
says that shadows aren’t real because they go through things and that
they are made of nothing. The Bird Woman responds, “Nothin’s made of
nothin’, lovey. And that’s what they’re for—to go through things.
Through and out on the other side—it’s the way they get to be wise. You
take my word for it, my loves, when you know what your shadder
knows—then you know a lot. Your shadder’s the other part of you, the
outside of your inside—if you understand what I mean.”
During the party, in further
conversation with the Bird Woman, the children ask her why Mary
Poppins’sshadow and that of Mrs. Corry were not free like the others.
The Bird Woman replies that Mrs. Corry was old and that she had learned a
lot. “Let ’er shadder escape—not she. And as for Mary
Poppins’shadder—It wouldn’t leave’ er if you paid it—not for a thousand
pound!”
Once we acknowledge our shadows and
cease to lie to ourselves about who we are, we will have the greatest
protection against evil. Then we will be able to utilize the creative
energies of the shadow to assist us on our journey toward individuation.
Carl Jung said that our first contact with the unconscious is always
with the shadow. From the perspective of Jungian psychology, the shadow
is the part of ourselves that is unknown, a paradox in itself. How can a
part of ourselves be unknown to us? To become whole and fully
conscious, we must integrate our unknown self, our shadow, with our
conscious selves. To do this, we must search for clues in the secret
recesses of our being—our deepest desires and our greatest fears. We
must analyze the reasons for our mirth, our sadness, our illnesses, and
our addictions and address those parts of us, however unpleasant or
diminishing they may be to our persona, the face we present to the
world. There is a positive aspect to this investigation, say Connie
Zweig and Steve Wolf in Romancing the Shadow: “The shadow reveals its gold in creative works, which build bridges between the conscious and unconscious worlds” (p. 41).
To express the inexpressible in a form
both enjoyable and meaningful was Travers’s task. We are both
entertained and prodded to look within while following the adventures of
her famous nanny, Mary Poppins, and the Banks children. If we are
successful in decoding the messages, perhaps for a brief moment we can
still the cacophony of voices in our mind to hear the truth.
References
Abelar, Taisha. The Sorcerers’ Crossing: A Woman’s Journey. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.
Blavatsky, H.P. The Voice of the Silence. Adyar: Theosophical Publishing House, 1992.
Campbell, Joseph. Myths to Live By. New York: Penguin Compass, 1993.
Campbell, Joseph. The Power of Myth. New York: Doubleday, 1988.
Campbell, Joseph. Baksheeh and Brahman. New York: Harper-Collins, 1955.
Draper Ellen Dooling, and Jenny Koralek., Eds. A Lively Oracle: A Centennial Celebration of P. L. Travers, Creator of Mary Poppins. New York: Larson Publications, 1999.
Eckel, Malcolm David. To See the Buddha: A Philosopher’s Quest for the Meaning of Emptiness. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992.
Hillman, James. The Soul’s Code: In Search of Character and Calling. New York: Random House, 1969.
Mehta, Rohit. The Call of the Upanishads. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970.
Myss, Caroline. Sacred Contracts: Awakening Your Divine Potential. New York: Random House, 2001.
Myss, Caroline. Spiritual Power, Spiritual Practice. (Part of 6-CD Set Audio Collection.) Boulder, CO: SoundsTrue, 2001.
Zimmer, Heinrich. Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. New York: Pantheon Books, 1953.
Zweig, Connie and Steve Wolf. Romancing the Shadow: A Guide to Soul Work for a Vital, Authentic Life. New York: Ballantine 1997.
"If you reach for the stars
All you get are the stars
But we've found a whole new spin
If you reach for the heavens
You get the stars thrown in"
-Mary Poppins
"If you reach for the starsAll you get are the stars
But we've found a whole new spin
If you reach for the heavens
You get the stars thrown in"
-Mary Poppins
